Prostatitis

What Are the Common Causes of Prostatitis?

Prostatitis can arise from various causes depending on the specific type:

• Bacterial Prostatitis – Both acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis result from bacterial infections, which may arise from bladder or prostate stones, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), urinary tract infections (UTIs), pelvic injuries, or the use of a urinary catheter.
• Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) – The exact cause of CPPS remains unclear. However, studies suggest potential links to chemicals in the urine, the immune system’s response to past urinary tract infections, or nerve damage in the pelvic area.
• Asymptomatic Inflammatory Prostatitis – The exact cause of this type of prostatitis is unknown.

How Is Prostatitis Diagnosed?

Diagnosing prostatitis involves ruling out other potential causes of symptoms and determining the specific type of prostatitis present. During the consultation, your doctor will review your symptoms and medical history, and perform a digital rectal exam to assess the prostate for any swelling or tenderness.

In addition, several tests may be ordered, such as:

• Urine and Semen Analysis – To check for the presence of bacteria or signs of infection
• Blood Tests – To assess for signs of infection, inflammation, or other prostate problems
• Post-prostatic Massage – To collect a small amount of prostatic fluid to identify signs of infection
• Urodynamic Tests – To evaluate bladder and urethra function, particularly how well they hold and release urine
• Imaging Tests – Such as ultrasound or CT scan, may be used to assess the prostate and surrounding structures

What Are the Treatments for Prostatitis?

Treatment for prostatitis varies depending on the underlying cause. Here are some common treatment approaches:

• Antibiotics – Treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis typically involves a 4–6-week course of oral antibiotics. For chronic or recurrent cases, antibiotic treatment may be extended to 4–12 weeks. If the symptoms are severe, intravenous (IV) antibiotics may be administered initially, followed by a course of oral antibiotics.
• Alpha-blockers – These medications relax the muscles in the bladder neck and prostate, improving urine flow and reducing urinary symptoms like difficulty urinating and weak urine stream.
• Anti-inflammatory Medications – Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation associated with prostatitis.
• Lifestyle Modifications – Certain lifestyle adjustments are recommended for patients with chronic prostatitis once a bacterial infection has been ruled out. These may include stress management techniques, dietary adjustments, and regular exercise.
• Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy – For chronic prostatitis, this programme can help relax and strengthen pelvic floor muscles, which can contribute to pain relief and improved urinary function.