Prostate Health Screening in Singapore: Why It's Important?

Have you ever wondered whether you should check your prostate health, even if you feel fine? Many men assume that symptoms will show up early, but prostate conditions often develop silently. Prostate cancer is now the most common cancer among men in Singapore, and the overall incidence of prostate issues is on the rise.

Understanding the importance of timely prostate screening can help you take control of your health and potentially catch issues before they become serious. Here, we look at the key screening methods, who should be screened, and how early detection can lead to better outcomes. Keep reading to learn more.

Common Prostate Conditions and Their Risks

The prostate is a small gland, situated just below the bladder in men, that plays a vital role in reproduction by producing fluid to nourish and transport sperm. As men age, several common prostate conditions may develop, including:

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): This condition involves a non-cancerous, yet often troublesome, enlargement of the gland, which can obstruct normal urinary flow and cause irritating symptoms.
• Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate, often caused by bacterial infection, leading to pain or urinary issues.
• Prostate Cancer: Representing the most serious risk, this is the most serious risk and the leading prostate-related cancer in Singapore.

What Is Prostate Screening?

Prostate screening refers to tests that detect early signs of prostate cancer or other prostate conditions in men who do not yet show symptoms. The main goal is to catch aggressive cancers early, when treatment is most effective, reducing the risk of serious complications or mortality.

Who Should Be Screened?

The decision to undergo prostate screening is personal and should be made in consultation with a specialist. However, several factors generally indicate a higher risk:

• Age: This is the most significant risk factor, with the chance of developing prostate cancer increasing notably after age 50.
• Family History: Men with a father or brother diagnosed with prostate cancer face higher risk, especially if multiple relatives were affected or the diagnosis occurred at a younger age.
• Ethnicity: In Singapore, Chinese men have approximately twice the risk compared to Malay or Indian men.
• Diet: Diets high in fat, particularly from red meat, dairy, and other animal sources, are considered contributing risk factors.

By understanding these risk factors, you can make informed decisions about when to begin screening and how often it should be repeated.

What Are the Screening Methods for Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer screening usually involves two complementary tests. Together, they provide a clearer understanding of prostate health and improve early detection.

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test

The PSA test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. Higher-than-normal levels can indicate prostate enlargement, inflammation, or in some cases, cancer. While not diagnostic on its own, PSA testing is an important tool for identifying men who may need further assessment.

Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)

During a DRE, the doctor gently feels the prostate through the rectum to assess its size, shape, and surface. This quick exam can detect unusual lumps, firmness, or asymmetry. When combined with PSA testing, the DRE enhances early detection of potential abnormalities.

Preparing for a Prostate Cancer Screening

Preparation for a standard screening appointment is minimal. Your doctor may advise you to:

• Avoid vigorous exercise or bike riding for 48 hours prior to the blood test, as this can temporarily elevate PSA levels.
• Inform the clinic of any recent prostate procedures, urinary tract infections or antibiotic use.
• Be prepared to discuss your family history and any urinary symptoms you may be experiencing.

What to Expect During a Screening

Prostate cancer screening is straightforward and usually completed during a single clinic visit. The process typically includes:

• Consultation: Your doctor reviews your medical history, risk factors, and explains the benefits and limitations of screening.
• Blood Draw: A small blood sample is taken for the PSA test.
• Physical Exam: A digital rectal examination (DRE) may be performed to assess the size and texture of the prostate.

After the Screening: Understanding Your Results

If your PSA level is higher than expected or your DRE shows an abnormal finding, your doctor may recommend further evaluation. Abnormal results do not automatically mean cancer, but they do warrant closer examination. Possible next steps include:

• Repeat PSA Testing: Infection or inflammation can temporarily raise PSA levels; re-testing may avoid unnecessary procedures.
• Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI): This scan provides detailed images of the prostate to identify areas requiring attention.
• Prostate Biopsy: If imaging reveals suspicious areas, tissue samples are taken for analysis to confirm whether cancer is present.

What Are the Benefits of Early Detection?

Early-stage prostate cancer, confined to the gland, has a five-year survival rate close to 100%. Detecting the disease early allows for a wider range of treatment options, from active surveillance to surgery or radiotherapy, depending on your condition and preferences.

An early diagnosis can also mean less aggressive treatment, a smoother recovery, and a better overall quality of life.

Taking Action: Protect Your Prostate Health

Prostate health should not be left to chance. Screening allows you to detect issues early, reduce anxiety about your health, and take timely steps to prevent serious complication

If you have concerns about your prostate health or are approaching an age or risk profile that warrants screening, our experienced urologists in Singapore can guide you through the process. Schedule a consultation and take the first step towards proactive prostate care today.